Summary water treatment equipment and equipment knowledge summary

In daily life, we often see that the inner wall will produce scale after long -term use of kettles. what is the reason? It turns out that the water we take contains a lot of inorganic salts, such as calcium and magnesium salt. The naked eye can't find these salt in room temperature water. Once heated and boiled, many calcium and magnesium salts will precipitate in carbonate, and scald will form near the pot wall. The content of calcium and magnesium ions in water is usually represented by hardness indicators. Hardness 1 degree is equivalent to 10 mg of calcium oxide per liter. Water below 8 degrees is called soft water, water above 17 degrees is called hard water, and water between 8 and 17 degrees is called moderate hard water. Rain, snow, rivers, and lakes are soft water, and spring water, deep well water, and sea water are hard water.

Let's take a look at the difference between other water for softened water

Original water refers to unprocessed water. In a broad sense, water before entering the water treatment process is also called water treatment raw water. For example, the water from the water source is called raw water.
Sofele water refers to the hardness in water (mainly calcium and magnesium ions in water). During softening, the water is reduced, and the total salt content is unchanged.
Except salt water refers to the removal or reduction of salt in water (mainly strong electrolytes dissolved in water). Its conductivity is generally 1.0 ~ 10.0 μs/cm, the resistivity (25 ° C) (0.1 ~ 1.0) × 106 · cm, and the salt content is 1 ~ 5mg/L.
Pure water refers to the strong electrolytes and weak electrolytes in the water (such as SIO2.CO2, etc.). ) It is removed or reduced to the degree. Its conductivity is generally: 1.0 ~ 0.1 μs/cm, and conductive rate (1.01.010.0) × 106Ω · cm. The salt content is 1 mg/L.
Ultra -pure water refers to gas, colloid and organic matter (including bacteria, etc.). ) Almost completely removed the conductivity in the water. It was also removed to a very low level. Its conductivity is generally 0.1 ~ 0.055 μs/cm, the resistivity (25 ° C)> 10 × 106Ω · cm, and the salt content is 0.1mg/L. The ideal pure water (theoretically) conductivity is 0.05 μs/cm, and the resistivity (25 ° C) is 18.3 × 106.

What is the softening water treatment?

The raw water -in -situ cationic Resin replaces the calcium magnesium ions in the raw water. The boiler in the boiler filtered by the soft water equipment becomes a boiler with low hardness.
working principle
Ion exchange method
Methods: Exchange resin with a specific cation, and use sodium ions instead of calcium and magnesium ions in the water. Due to the high sodium degree, it is avoided by the increase in the temperature.
Features and effects: The effect is stable and accurate, and the process is mature. Hardness can be reduced to 0.
Scope of application: Catering, food, chemical industry, medicine and other fields, air conditioning, industrial circulating water and other applications. The most commonly used standard method.
Electromagnetic method
Methods: The electric field or magnetic field added to the water, change the ion characteristics, change the deposition speed and sedimentary physical characteristics of calcium carbonate (magnesium carbonate), and prevent the formation of hard staining.
Feature effects: small equipment investment, convenient installation, and low operating costs. The effect is unstable and there is no uniform measurement standard. Because the main function only affects the physical properties of scale within the range, there are restrictions on the use time and distance of water after processing.
Scope of application: It is mainly used for the treatment of recycling cooling water in business (such as central air conditioners) and cannot be used for industrial production and boiler water supply treatment.
Membrane separation
Methods: Najia filter (NF) and Reverse Osmosis Membrane (RO) can intercept calcium and magnesium ions in the water, which fundamentally reduces the hardness of the water.
The hardness can only fall to the range.
Feature effects: The effect is obviously stable, and the scope of water application after treatment is wide. High water inlet pressure is high, and equipment investment and operating costs are high.
Scope of application: generally less used for special softening treatment.
Lime method
Method: Add lime to water.
Feature effect: The hardness can only fall to the range.
Scope of application: high and hard water with large flows.
Add medicine
Methods: Adding a dedicated stuffing agent to the water can change the combination characteristics of calcium and magnesium ions and carbonate ions, so that the dirt cannot be deposited.
Features: Little investment at one time and wide adaptability. When the water volume is soft, the operating cost is high.
Scope of application: Because chemicals are added, the application of water is very limited, and generally cannot be used for drinking, food processing, and industrial production. It is rarely used in the civilian field.

The workflow and work requirements of softening water equipment
1) Soft -water equipment workflow.

Work (sometimes called water production, the same below), anti -washing, salt suction (regeneration), slow washing (replacement), and fast washing. All the processes of different soft water equipment are very close, but due to the actual process or control needs, there may be some additional processes. Any soft water equipment based on sodium ion exchange is developed on the basis of these five processes (of which automatic soft water equipment will increase the saline injection process).
Anti -wash: After working for a period of time, the equipment will intercept dirt caused by a large amount of raw water in the upper part of the resin. After removing these dirt, the Ion Exchange Resin can be fully exposed and the regenerative effect can be guaranteed. The anti -washing process was to rinse water from the bottom of the resin, flowing out of the top, and washed away from the intercepted dirt from the top. This process usually takes about 5-15 minutes.
Salt suction (regeneration): In the process of injected salt water into the resin tank, traditional equipment is used to inject salt water with salt pumps, and automatic equipment uses a special built -in injection to inhale saline (as long as the water is pressured). In the actual work process, salt water flows through the resin at a slower speed than soaking resin with salt water. Therefore, the soft water equipment uses salt water to flow slowly across the resin for regeneration. This process usually takes about 30 minutes, and the actual time is affected by the amount of salt.
Slowly rinse (replace): After flowing through the resin with salt water, slowly rinse all the salt in the resin at the same speed. Because in this flushing process, there are still a large number of calcium and magnesium ions on the functional group exchanged by sodium ions. According to actual experience, this process is the main process of regeneration, so many people call it replacement. This process is usually the same as the salt absorption time, about 30 minutes.
Quickly rinse: In order to clean the residual salt, the flow of the resin process with raw water should be used to rinse the resin process with the actual work. Generally speaking, the fast rinse process is 5-15 minutes.
2) Technical indicators and work requirements for softening water equipment:
Entry water pressure: 0.18-0.6MPa.
Work temperature: 1-5 ℃ Source water hardness: 8mol/L.
Operation method: Automatic/manual water hardness: ≤0.03mol/L.
Renewal: NACL Regeneration Method: Shun flow/inverse flow.
Exchange agent: 001*7 Starteable acid ion exchanges resin.
Control method: Time/flow work power supply: 220V/50Hz.

The role of softening water treatment
1. The use of softening water equipment saves a lot of fuel waste.
When the boiler is scald, a boiler with a working pressure of 1.4MPa will produce 1 mm scale, which wastes 8%of the fuel.
2. Increase thermal efficiency and reduce the output.
When the boiler evaporates the surface, the heat side of the fire cannot be transmitted to the water side quickly, which will reduce the output of the boiler. If the boiler dirt due to improper water treatment, the evaporation capacity of the boiler is reduced by one -third, and the automatic operating line cannot be driving due to insufficient gas supply.
3. Use soft water equipment to reduce the amount of boiler maintenance.
It is difficult to remove after the boiler board or pipeline is scattered, especially because the boiler leakage, cracks, damage, deformation, corrosion and other diseases. It not only damages the boiler, but also consumes a lot of manpower and material resources for maintenance, which not only shortens the operating time, but also increases maintenance costs.
4. Reduce the application of softening water equipment and endanger safety.
The accidents caused by boiler scaling account for more than 20%of the total number of boiler accidents, which not only causes equipment loss, but also threatens personal safety. The infrastructure and operating costs of water treatment account for a quarter of various saving costs.

Soft water treatment equipment
Soft -watering equipment, as the name suggests, is a device that reduces water hardness, mainly removes calcium and magnesium ions in water. Generally speaking, it is a device that reduces water hardness, mainly used to remove calcium and magnesium ions in water. Sterilization and algae, anti -stain removal. Soft water equipment cannot reduce the total salt content in the water during the softening water. Widely used in water equipment systems such as hot water boiler system, thermal exchange system, industrial cooling system, and central air -conditioning system.
working principle
Because the hardness of the water is mainly formed and expressed by calcium magnesium, the cation is generally used to exchange resin (floppy) instead of the CA2+.mg2+(the main component of scale) in the water. With the increase of CA2+.mg2+in the resin, the resin removal of CA2+.